Depression

More than just feeling sad, depression is a serious but very treatable condition.

What is Depression?

Depression (also called major depressive disorder) is a serious medical condition that causes persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, and a loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed. It affects how you feel, think, and handle daily activities like sleeping, eating, and working.

Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 280 million people globally are affected. In the United States, roughly 21 million adults experience at least one major depressive episode each year.

Depression is not the same as feeling "blue" for a day or two. It is a clinical condition that typically requires treatment to improve.

Types of Depression

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

The most common form. Symptoms last at least two weeks and significantly affect a person's ability to function at work, school, or in relationships.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

A chronic, long-lasting form of depression. Symptoms may be less severe than MDD but persist for two years or longer.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Depression that occurs in a seasonal pattern, most often during fall and winter when there is less sunlight. Symptoms typically improve in spring.

Postpartum Depression

Affects new mothers (and sometimes fathers) after childbirth. It goes beyond the typical "baby blues" and can last for months if untreated.

Common Symptoms

To be diagnosed with depression, symptoms must be present for at least two weeks. They may include:

If you are having thoughts of suicide or self-harm, please reach out for help immediately. Call or text 988.

Causes and Risk Factors

Depression is caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors include:

Treatment Options

Depression is one of the most treatable mental health conditions. About 80–90% of people who seek treatment see significant improvement. Treatment options include:

Learn More

NIMH: Depression In-depth information from the National Institute of Mental Health NAMI Depression Fact Sheet (PDF) Key facts from the National Alliance on Mental Illness Mayo Clinic: Depression Trusted medical overview of symptoms and treatments
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